Op layer21/21/2024 ![]() ![]() Achieving the three most desirable pillars - scalability, security, and decentralization - simultaneously is notoriously challenging, an engineering problem known as the blockchain trilemma. This is for a good reason as these networks were designed with a focus on security and decentralization. Why are Layer 2 Solutions Necessary?Įarly blockchain networks such as Bitcoin and Ethereum are limited in transaction throughput. In this article, we will cover the essentials you need to know about layer 2 solutions, the leading rollups in detail, and the features that can make a layer 2 superior to others. I am confident in this prediction because the technological differences between rollups are prominent, so some architectures and implementations will reign over others. Similar to general-purpose layer 1 blockchains, where only a few winners have taken the largest slice of the cake, we will likely see the same happening in rollups. ![]() Transaction Activity in Layer 2 Solutions Compared to Ethereum. In less than a year, layer 2s have gone from processing fewer transactions than the Ethereum mainnet to five times the number of transactions. Users continue to flock to layer 2s motivated by lower transaction fees, faster speeds, flourishing dapp ecosystems, and the potential for airdrops. Less-hyped players like StarkWare are also shipping tech upgrades at a phenomenal pace. Recently, Coinbase has also joined the race with Base, and more players are expected to enter, including Polygon with several efforts and Scroll with their zkEVM. Over the crypto winter, layer 2 solutions have overcome significant technological hurdles, and we are experiencing a boom in the number of layer 2s available.Ī field limited to state channels, plasma chains, and application-specific rollups is now dominated by general-purpose rollups like Arbitrum, Optimism, and zkSync. Such progress might keep critics at bay, at least for a while.The race to scale Ethereum is heating up. ![]() OP Labs officials got the message, and recently had insisted that getting fault proofs into operation was a top priority – so much so that the project even had its own name, “ Cannon.” On Tuesday, OP Labs finally delivered – or at least took its first step toward addressing the concerns, launching fault proofs on a test network known as OP Goerli Testnet. As these things go, success leads to greater scrutiny, and in recent months, technical experts homed in on a crucial deficiency of the setup: Networks based on the OP Labs software were missing an element known as “fault proofs” that theoretically sit at the very core of their inherent “optimistic rollup” design the lack of the security feature was likened to driving a fast car without airbags. crypto exchange Coinbase, which used the platform to build its new blockchain, Base. But the option quickly became so popular that it attracted the likes of the big U.S. PROOF-OF-PROOF: The crypto developer OP Labs rolled out software a year ago making it easy for companies to spin up their own distributed networks atop the Ethereum blockchain. “We hope to trigger an honest, open discussion amongst the Celo and zkSync communities regarding the tradeoffs between the ZK Stack, the OP Stack, Polygon CDK and other options.” Coming in the depths of crypto winter, the episode offers a reminder of the intensity of the consolidation trend, with the various networks scrambling to find fresh business. “The modular and open-sourced ZK Stack is the optimal L2 stack for Celo’s transition to Ethereum,” according to the Matter Labs proposal. As of last week, there’s yet another suitor to host Celo: Matter Labs, the creators of another rollup, zkSync, as well as the ZK Stack open-source software, which can be used to create new “hyperchains” on Ethereum. ![]() Then last month, Polygon injected itself into the mix, offering up its Polygon Chain Development Kit, known as Polygon CDK, as an alternative. The migration initially was supposed to rely on Optimism’s OP Stack software kit, which served as the template not only for Coinbase’s new Base blockchain but also the Binance-incubated BNB Chain’s new opBNB network. Now there’s suddenly a burst of competition among veteran layer-2 teams to supply the technology for Celo’s new system. BLOCKCHAIN BAKE-OFF! In July, when the smart-contracts blockchain Celo proposed to ditch its independent “layer-1” status in favor of becoming a layer 2 network atop Ethereum, the people behind the project may have had little inkling of just how popular they would become. ![]()
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Green lantern john stewart mcfarlane1/21/2024 ![]() ![]() ![]() During Geoff Johns's run on the title, Kilowog left that post to go back into regular field combat (not that he had ever stayed out of it for long). Kilowog long served as the trainer/drill sergeant for the Green Lantern Corps, a role that he was well-suited for. A t-shirt released to benefit the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention even featured a small Green Lantern logo alongside the emblems for the Justice League members and Martian Manhunter. Kilowog was one of the handful of Green Lanterns rumored to appear in Zack Sndyer's Justice League, and at one point it was even rumored that a Green Lantern (possibly Kilowog) had been cast for a cameo. That would be Kilowog, of Bolovax Vik and Sector 674, whose appearance is only as a corpse in the Knightmare sequence at the end of the movie. The other Lantern seen in Zack Snyder's Justice League has significantly more appearances to choose from, and even popped up in Green Lantern (the Ryan Reynolds movie) and the Green Lantern animated series. When DC Universe launched its digital comics interface, most of Jones's work was missing, and the few of his comics that were available got pulled down when a journalist pointed them out. Following the revelation, a print collection of his Green Lantern work, which was already beginning to circulate because it was only a week or two away from release, was pulled from store shelves and pulped. He eventually pleaded guilty and began a six-year prison term in November 2018. Jones was arrested in 2016 on charges of uploading child pornography to a private YouTube account. While one might suspect that it's due to a profoundly stereotyped depiction of Chinese people, with colors that would get the colorist (and possibly the book's editor and/or publisher) in trouble today, it's in fact part of a wholesale purge of the works of writer Gerard Jones from DC's digital sales. The first appearance of Yalan Gur - and his only other appearance, in a flashback in an issue of Green Lantern Corps Quarterly - is unavailable digitally. ![]() Define breach computer1/21/2024 ![]() Visiting infected websites or clicking on a bad email link or attachment are major gateways for malicious code to sneak its way into your system. Ransomware is a type of malicious software (malware) that threatens to publish or blocks access to data or a computer system, usually by encrypting it, until the victim pays a ransom fee to the attacker. Scripts, worms and viruses can harm your computer by finding entry points that lead to your precious data. Government Accountability Office has even warned about the threat of malicious code against national security. These threats can reach a high level: The U.S. By unleashing it, cybercriminals can even wipe out a computer's data or install spyware. The code gives a cybercriminal unauthorized remote access to the attacked system - called an application back door - which then exposes sensitive company data. It is an auto-executable application that can activate itself and take on various forms, including Java Applets, ActiveX controls, pushed content, plug-ins, scripting languages or other programming languages that are designed to enhance Web pages and email. from the unauthorized disclosure of or access to personal data. Microsoft defines malware as a catch-all term to refer to any software designed to cause damage to a single computer, server or computer network. Dictionary cracking: It’s similar to brute-force cracking, but rather than using random characters, dictionary cracking limits. Though functionally the same as hacking, cracking is strictly used in a criminal sense. Malware specifically refers to malicious software, but malicious code includes website scripts that can exploit vulnerabilities in order to upload malware. Cracking is a technique used to breach computer software or an entire computer security system, and with malicious intent. Using technology and investigative techniques, computer forensics helps identify, collect, and store evidence from an electronic device. It is a branch of digital forensic science. According to Kaspersky Lab, not all antivirus protection can treat certain infections caused by malicious code, which is different from malware. Computer forensics is also known as digital or cyber forensics. ![]() Malware is, by definition, malicious software: software loaded without intention that opens up. It's a type of threat that may not be blocked by antivirus software on its own. The use of both direct and in-direct Malware is on the rise. ![]() Malicious code is the kind of harmful computer code or web script designed to create system vulnerabilities leading to back doors, security breaches, information and data theft, and other potential damages to files and computing systems. ![]() La girl concealer nc421/21/2024 ![]() Coverage is medium to full. Covers dark circles, redness, pigmentation/ spots/ blemishes/acne. ![]() These are the best affordable/ drugstore concealers I’ve ever used. If you have redness- Get the green corrector instead. Orange Corrector can be used for color correcting. if you have a pale skintone – get the shade – Natural for highlighting. Toast/Tofee can be the prefect contouring shades for every skintype.Ĭreamy Beige is the perfect highlighter shade. Pure Beige can be a perfect concealer shade if you are MAC NC40/42 skintone. These are available in 24 shades and every skin tone can find a perfect color match. Creamy Beige was OOS at the time I ordered. I have ordered Creamy Beige which is my perfect highlighter shade – I am yet to receive it. I use Toast & Toffee for contouring and for concealer – I use Warm honey. So, Be careful while dispensing the product. These are highly pigmented and especially the color corrector – You need only a teeny amount. I recommend setting it with a loose powder – translucent powder to prevent it from budging. You might have to use a really hydrating eye cream and this tend to settle onto fine lines if not properly set. If you have fine lines on your under eye area. These settle onto a really nice matte finish and it doesn’t feel or look cakey if applied correctly. I use a primer & eye cream prior to applying these. I use my trusted original damp beauty blender to apply this. It dries very quickly and so, One has to be really quick in blending the product. Girl PRO Conceal HD Concealers have a thick texture and applies very creamy. GC992 Green Corrector – Perfect for covering blemishes and imperfections. GC991 Yellow Corrector – Perfect for covering discolouration and veins. GC990 Orange Corrector – Perfect for covering under-eye circles. GC988 Dark Cocoa – For deep to dark skin tones. GC987 Beautiful Bronze – For deep skin with creamy undertones. GC986 Chestnut – For deep skin with caramel undertones. GC984 Toffee – For tanned to deep skin with creamy undertones. GC983 Fawn – For tanned to deep skin with yellow undertones. GC982 Warm Honey – For tanned skin with yellow undertones. GC981 Toast – For medium to tanned skin with deep warm undertones. GC980 Cool Tan – For medium to tanned skin with yellow undertones. GC979 Almond – For medium skin with yellow undertones. GC978 Medium Beige – For medium skin with neutral undertones. GC977 Warm Sand – For fair to medium skin with warm yellow undertones. GC976 Pure Beige – For fair to medium skin with warm undertones. GC975 Medium Bisque – For fair to medium skin tones. GC974 Nude – For fair skin with neutral undertones. ![]() GC973 Creamy Beige – For fair skin with creamy undertones. GC972 Natural – For fair skin with yellow undertones. GC971 Classic Ivory – For fair skin tones. GC970 Light Ivory – For porcelain skin with yellow undertones. GC969 Porcelain – For porcelain skin tones. I would suggest you to choose a shade that is 1-2 shades lighter than your actual skin tone for highlighting and shades that are 1-2 shades darker than your skin tone for contouring. For the price tag, you can choose your favorite shade that matches your skintone. ![]() Shade Selection – Shade selection is fantastic. ![]() Here’s a little description about the shades incase you are looking for your color match I have to constantly clean the brush head after each use or the product on it will dry up and make the concealer harder to dispense. But at the same time I’m not a big fan of it. Packaging – These concealers has a brush applicator built into the packaging which makes it easy to apply the product. Girl PRO Conceal HD Concealer Review & Swatches ![]() Gopro quik for mac add templates1/21/2024 ![]() ![]() For the input format, it accepts videos captured by Nikon, Sony, Canon, GoPro, and others in H.264. For instance, you can operate it on a Windows PC running on the 64-bit architecture. GoPro Studio is for desktops and requires nominal system requirements for running smoothly. You can add the media and start creating titles and text with interesting options, such as appearance time, size, color, fill color, backdrop, opacity, baseline, kerning, and fade in/out.Ĥ. With the help of the Studio editor, you can create amazing titles and text. Titles and adding text to the video is excellent way to enhance the video captured by a GoPro device. GoPro Studio is an advanced editor, and therefore, gives tremendous control over the features and edits. Supports GoPro, Nikon, Canon, and others (frame rate H.264 MP4 &. Immersive Fisheye Adjustor, 3D/360-Degree Editorĭozens of filters, texts, images, clip templates, and royalty-free soundtracksĮxport video frames at all the resolutionsĮxport as 1080p (FHD), 720p (HD), or set at higher rates Video/Audio auto-syncing, Video speed changer, Video highlights catcher Motion Tracking, Time-lapse Photo Sequences Creator, Fast/Slow-Motion Add Trim, edit, mix, add slews of titles, music, and audio tracksĬross-platform, edit duration, frame, contrast, vibrance, saturation, highlights Here’s the chart about the differences between Gopro Studio and Quick in editing features. The placement of the features is intriguing and helps one pick an option with ease for use. The layout is exquisite and has all the options required by a user. With advanced editing features present, Studio helps both beginners and professionals to tune their video for the appropriate effect. ![]() GoPro Studio is a full-fledged editor and requires a computer. What makes a big difference between the two editing platforms is that one is for mobile use. User InterfaceĪGoPro designed both the Studio and Quik to ensure that users have the correct editing software tool for the videos they shoot using a GoPro camera. Alternatively, you will learn about the best video editor that you can use in place of Quik and Studio. ![]() Nonetheless, learning about the significant factors is of immense importance because you will know when and where to use the right tool. GoPro Studio, which are both the editing tools developed by GoPro, searching for the appropriate software, in the end, is dependent on your requirement and the system that you use. Ⅰ Distinctions between GoPro Quik and GoPro Studio in Details Ⅲ Telling Comparisons in Charts (GoPro Studio vs.Ⅱ Best Alternative of GoPro Studio and Quik – AceMovi Video Editor. ![]() Ⅰ Comparisons between GoPro Quik and GoPro Studio.It is an advanced version with more features present, which offers flexibility and dynamics to produce a fascinating video. Studio, on the contrary, is a video editor for PC. In simple terms, the Quik is the official editor with simple features and is available for both smartphones and desktop use. Quik, you will learn about the significant differences and how they will impact your decision in selecting the best tool to edit GoPro videos as well as the best alternative software to them. The GoPro company has come forward in providing two editing tools – the Quik and Studio. However, you do need software to make a few edits before sharing them with friends or using it for a professional requirement. GoPro is a great device that helps you capture HD videos for all your outdoor adventures. ![]() Pokemon fire red evolving1/21/2024 ![]() ![]() Get a score of 200 in the mini-games, Pokemon Jump, and Dodrio Berry Picking.Finish the main story of Pokemon Fire Red.All you need to do is complete the following tasks in any order you choose: The best part about this cheat is that you can do it up to a maximum of four times. With this, you can visit new locations and now can evolve your Pokemon (like Golett evolution) into more advanced forms.Īside from your Pokedex, another one of the Pokemon Fire Red cheats you can use is to upgrade your trainer cards. After doing so, head to the Professor in Pallet Town to get your hands on the National Pokedex. Additionally, you must have completed the story by this time. To do this, you must have already collected at least 60 Pokemon. While not exactly a straight-up cheat, upgrading your Pokedex is more of a Pokemon Fire Red walkthrough. The first of the Pokemon Fire Red cheats you should know about is how to upgrade your Pokedex. From there, you can play Pokemon Fire Red with ease. You can even play the game on your Android device with the help of the My Boy emulator. Thankfully, there are GBA emulators available for your computer. While some still play it on their Game Boy Advance, others do not have access to this handheld console anymore. It has a thunderbolt pattern.Given that the game was released way back in 2004, Pokemon Fire Red is fairly old. It is as red as the sun.Ī peculiar stone that makes certain species of Pokémon evolve. Moon, Rocket Hideout, Pokemon Mansion, Two Island (After Rescuing Lostelle)Ī peculiar stone that makes certain species of Pokémon evolve. Memorial Pillar, Trainer Tower (Defeat Knockout Mode)Ī peculiar stone that makes certain species of Pokémon evolve. A special metallic film that boosts the power of STEEL-type moves. It has a leaf pattern.Īn item to be held by a Pokémon. Trainer Tower (Defeat Mixed Mode), Seavault CanyonĪ peculiar stone that makes certain species of Pokémon evolve. It may cause the foe to flinch upon taking damage. It is colored orange.Īn item to be held by a Pokémon. Water Path, Trainer Tower (Defeat Double Mode)Ī peculiar stone that makes certain species of Pokémon evolve. DEF stat.Īn item to be held by a Pokémon. These items are all dotted around the various regions and are necessary in order to evolve specific Pokémon. Others however evolve when they are holding or subjected to a special item. ![]() Some Pokémon evolve by Levelling up, some at specific levels, some if they're happy. Ember, Four Island, Icefall Cave, Green Pathįuchsia City, Cinnabar Island, Indigo Plateau, Two Island, Three Island, Four Island, Six Island, Seven Island, Trainer Tower Route 23, Cerulean Cave, Cerulean Cave, Cerulean Cave, Silph Co, Silph Co, Seafoam Islands, Victory Road, Treasure Beach, Treasure Beach, Mt. It is finished with a camouflage pattern.Ī very high-grade Ball that offers a higher Pokémon catch rate than a Great Ball. Viridian City, Pewter City, Cerulean City, Vermillion CityĪ special ball that is used only in the Safari Zone. It will catch any wild Pokémon without fail.Ī ball thrown to catch a wild Pokémon. The best Ball with the ultimate performance. Lavender Town, Celadon City, Saffron City, Fuchsia City, Cinnabar Island, Indigo Plateau, Two Island, Seven Island, Trainer Tower Route 4, Route 11, SS Anne, Pokemon Tower PictureĪ good, quality Ball that offers a higher Pokémon catch rate than a standard Poké Ball. Each PokéBall has a different special effect that can help make capturing more likely or even give special bonuses to any Pokémon caught within that particular ball. These items are used to capture the Pokémon. PokéBalls are one of the most vital items that a Pokémon trainer can have. Black: Victini & ReshiramWhite: Victini & Zekrom.Pokémon Ranger & The Temple of the Sea!.Mystery Dungeon - Explorers of Time & Darkness.Mystery Dungeon: Blazing, Stormy & Light Adventure Squad.Pokémon Battle TrozeiPokémon Link: Battle. ![]() Realms private server emulator1/21/2024 ![]() ![]() No more awkward typing or fumbling through menus.īlueStacks also offers the Macro functionality, which allows you to record input sequences and execute them with a single button click. For example, you can assign keys to frequently used functions using a mouse, keyboard, or gamepad for increased speed and efficiency. With BlueStacks’ Advanced Keymapping feature, you can customize your controls to suit your productivity needs. So whether using a PC or a Mac, you can enjoy the convenience of your favorite productivity apps and tools on a larger screen with BlueStacks. One of the most significant advantages of BlueStacks is its compatibility with both Windows and Mac operating systems. With BlueStacks, you can access thousands of productivity apps and tools without the need for a mobile device. Click and Play instantly!Īre you tired of constantly switching between your mobile device and computer to access your favorite productivity apps? Do you want to work more efficiently and conveniently on a larger screen without investing in a separate device? Say hello to BlueStacks!īlueStacks is a powerful Android emulator software that lets you run Android applications on your computer or laptop, making it the perfect solution for productivity-focused users. You can also Play Minecraft in your browser on your PC or mobile without downloading. Explore and find community-run worlds, compete in mini-games, and socialize with many people in Minecraft. ![]() Join massive multiplayer servers and play the game with thousands of people. Play with up to 10 friends across platforms anytime and in any realm or on your private server. Add-Ons are also free, and you can edit behaviors in the game to make new resource packs. Customize how you experience the game: tweak the time of day, summon mobs, give items out, etc. ![]() Discover the most recent creations done by community members in the marketplace, along with unique maps, texture packs, and skins from creators. Enhance your creativity in Minecraft with the limitless resources and mine deep into the world’s survival mode, making weapons and armor to scare off mobs and building structures for you and your friends to have fun with.Ĭreate, survive, and explore solo or with friends in the world of Minecraft. You are building everything from a simple home to the grandeur of castles. BlueStacks app player is the best platform to play this Android game on your PC or Mac for an immersive gaming experience.ĭownload Minecraft on your PC to explore an infinite world. Minecraft is a simulation game developed by Mojang. ![]() ![]() Or otherwise used in any way without the express written permission of the owner. The material on this site may not be copied, reproduced, downloaded, distributed, transmitted, stored, altered, adapted, Purchasing books through any poet's Amazon links helps to support Your Daily Poem. All rights reserved.Īs an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Website Development by Practical Business SystemsĬontents of this web site and all original text and images therein are copyright © by Your Daily Poem. A pep talk I know I can use and I'm sure I'm not alone. This poem reminds me of Ella Wheeler Wilcox's work-skirting the edge of sentimentality but never going over it. When things go wrong, as they sometimes will, When the road you’re trudging seems all uphill, When the funds are low and the debts are high, And you want to smile, but you have to sigh, When care is pressing you down a bit, Rest if you must, but don’t you quit. The world would be a better place if everyone follows this! Nice poem with a lot of good sense! DON’T QUIT by John Greenleaf Whittier Poem. ![]() "Success is failure turned inside out" is a brilliant line. (You have to fight because you can and you want to) this is nice poem for all person or someone to realize that not quit and still fighting into end As poet, editor, abolitionist, and religious humanist, Whittier managed to produce more than forty volumes. It's when things seem worst that you must not quit. Poem Dont Quit By John Greenleaf Whittier WebJohn Greenleaf Whittier. John Greenleaf Whittier was a remarkably prolific writer and reformer. I used it in speeches then and nearly forty years later it hangs on the wall of my office and I am still using it to encourage people NOT TO QUIT. This poem helped create in me a don?t quit attitude in my life while in high school. Published in the Detroit Free Press (March 4,1921). So stick to the fight when you're hardest hit. When he might have won had he stuck it out.ĭon't give up though the pace seems slow,Īnd he learned too late when the night slipped down,Īnd you never can tell how close you are. Dont Quit poem by John Greenleaf after reading questions to assist students with central idea, tone, context clues.Scaffold by using this poem prior to. ![]() When the funds are low and the debts are high,Īnd you want to smile, but you have to sigh, When things go wrong, as they sometimes will,Īnd the road you're trudging seems all uphill, Ask for this YDP anthology at your favorite bookstore or order it online today! ![]() Just press record app android1/21/2024 ![]() ![]() No time limits with control over the recording with start, pause, stop so I don't feel rushed while I'm dictating and thinking. It's great to finally have an excellent app that works transcribes accurately from voice recognition. Kudos and a big thumbs up! Hope you’ll hear my suggestions out and consider them. Otherwise it’s a great app and you guys did a good job. I’m Filipino and sometimes I have to dictate or talk to someone or record a conversation in Filipino but it’s not supported. Lastly, add more to the languages selection. Append to existing recordings even if some time has passed before you decide to add to the recording. the app have a few suggestions-In future updates maybe it would be possible to make categories for the recordings. It’s user-friendly and like I said well worth the price. Too bad not many developers Think about people like me who have a disability. It’s really cool & thoughtful of the app developers to make sure that it’s fully supported by voiceover. Not going to mince words here-but I do not regret purchasing this app at all! I’m blind as a bat but I was able to figure this app out after I downloaded it a few days ago. Accessibility support with VoiceOver, reduced motion, and extra large Complication template. Dedicated Apple Watch app with one-tap recording, background recording, and syncing VoiceOver and Magic Tap gesture support High-quality audio up to 96kHz / 24-bit WAV, AIF, and iTunes M4A (ACC) file types Stereo recording and high-quality external microphone support Slide Over and Split View support on iPad Search by filename or transcription content Synchronized text highlighting and audio playback Built-in mic, AirPods, and external microphone recording options Shortcuts, Siri, Widget, 3D Touch Quick Action, and URL scheme for starting and stopping recording One-tap recording, pausing, and resuming Install Just Press Record on your Mac using the same steps for Windows OS above. Once Just Press Record is downloaded inside the emulator, locate/click the "All apps" icon to access a page containing all your installed applications including Just Press Record.The search will reveal the Just Press Record app icon.Open the Emulator app you installed » goto its search bar and search "Just Press Record".On your computer, goto the Downloads folder » click to install Bluestacks.exe or Nox.exe » Accept the License Agreements » Follow the on-screen prompts to complete installation. Install the emulator on your PC or Mac:.Download Bluestacks Pc or Mac software Here >. We recommend Bluestacks because you can easily find solutions online if you run into problems while using it. Download an Android emulator for PC and Mac:.Liked Just Press Record? here are 5 Utilities apps like XpressPDF™ Config VPN cat master - express proxy Compress Video - Free Space Zmc Express ![]()
Deep axillary sentinel node1/21/2024 ![]() ![]() ![]() In that case, there is no additional diagnostic value in dissecting more SNs before the axillary dissection. Once a positive node is identified, standard axillary dissection is routinely performed. It is, therefore, common practice to continue dissecting lymph nodes until the counts are less than 10% of the hottest node.Ī better understanding of the diagnostic value of multiple SNs dissection is, however, of primary importance to minimize operating time and possible morbidity and to decrease cost. Previous studies 13, 14 have demonstrated that the first encountered node is not necessarily the hottest node and that cancer cells might be found in the second or third to the hottest node. The commonly accepted way to measure the radioactivity has been to perform a 10-second radioactivity count ex vivo after the lymph node is removed from the surgical field. 12 This definition is, however, not so simple for radioactive “hot” nodes, where different amounts of radioactivity might be present in different lymph nodes. Any lymph node with blue color in it or in a lymphatic entering it is considered an SN. The blue dye defines an SN in a rather simple way. It has been shown previously 10, 11 that more than 1 SN is commonly found in the axilla. Sometimes, cytokeratin stains are added to increase the detection rate.This tedious examination allows the identification of micrometastases in the SNs and leads to upstaging of approximately 9% to 10% of them. The lymph nodes primarily draining the injection site are identified in the axilla by the blue color and the radioactive signal recorded using a small detecting probe.Īfter SNs are removed, the pathologist performs multiple sections on each node looking for metastatic disease. ![]() 1 - 5 In this procedure, a radioactive tracer, a blue dye, or both are injected around the tumor. This allows the axilla to be staged more accurately without the morbidity of a full axillary dissection. Sentinel lymph node (SN) biopsy has gained acceptance in the stratified therapeutic approach to breast cancer. Additional radioactive SNs should be processed only in the presence of nodal disease. On the basis of all 105 patients, consideration of nonradioactive blue axillary nodes did not add significant diagnostic value relative to testing only radioactive nodes: sensitivity of 86.7% vs 88.6% ( P = .50), whereas consideration of all hot, blue, and suspicious nodes improved sensitivity to 96.2% ( P = .002).Ĭonclusions Processing of the 2 hottest nodes, along with suspicious but nonhot and nonblue nodes, is sufficient for initial axillary staging. Examination of all other radioactive nodes did not diagnose any additional cases. Consideration of the 2 most intense axillary nodes was sufficient to diagnose nodal disease in an additional 12 patients, representing a significant increase in sensitivity to 90.4% ( P < .001). An analysis of the 282 radioactive axillary nodes for which the 10-second count was recorded reveals that the most radioactive node was positive in 73 of 94 analyzable patients (77.7%). Results Three hundred fifty-three axillary SNs were recorded in the database. Main Outcome Measures The diagnostic value of SNs by analyzing the sensitivity of processing the hottest, 2 hottest, hot and blue, or hot, blue, and suspicious SNs. Patients One hundred five patients with node-positive breast cancer who underwent SN biopsy. Objectives To analyze a series of sentinel nodes (SNs) from patients with node-positive breast cancer to determine their diagnostic value, to delineate a working algorithm, and to assess the clinical value of our common practiceĭesign A prospectively collected database. Shared Decision Making and Communication.Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine.Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment.Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience.Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography. ![]() AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |